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The Royal Swedish Navy’s Submarine Escape and Rescue (SMER) system consists of three major components: #The Submarine Rescue Vessel named URF (a Swedish acronym for UbåtsRäddningsFarkost – Submarine Rescue Vessel) #The diving and submarine rescue ship HMS Belos (III) #The escape system (which includes all Swedish submarines being fitted with a single person escape trunk, personal escape equipment on board the submarines such as escape suits, and an escape training tank ashore at Karlskrona Naval base) (link to new wikipage on dyktanken). ==Early development== From the very beginning of the Royal Swedish Navy’s submarine era, the issue of Submarine Escape and Rescue has been an integrated part of the submarine system. The first submarine of the Royal Swedish Navy (Hajen, which was delivered in 1904), could be equipped with prefabricated pontoons that were constructed for fulfilling two goals. First, they reduce draft when needed e.g. for passing through the Göta kanal, a channel through Sweden between the east and west coast. Secondly, they could also be used for surfacing the entire submarine in case of an accident. At this time, the only methods available for rescuing a submarine crew was either lifting the entire submarine (a method unlikely to succeed due to the long time it takes to carry out) or individual escape from the submarine. In the 1920s, equipment to assist the submariner to perform free escape like the Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus (Davis, 1995) were tested by the Royal Swedish Navy. In 1926, the Dräger (in Sweden denominated Dräger M/25) was issued as the navy’s first escape apparatus, followed by several other models by Davis, Dräger, Momsen and AGA (Lindemark, 1996). In the early days, these tests were performed in swimming pools and at beaches in open water. The first trials at sea from a submarine were performed in 1928 (Det Svenska Ubåtsvapnet 1904-2004). However, escape training for the submariners was risky from submarines, and did not provide realistic training in open water. A 6 m deep Submarine Escape Training Tank for diving and escape-training was built at Galärvarvet in Stockholm in 1934. Later, two other diving tanks were constructed: a first one measuring 6 m depth in Göteborg, built in 1943, and a second one measuring 21 m depth (including a 2 m deep escape chamber) in Karlskrona. The 6 m deep diving tanks are now decommissioned but the 20 m tank in Karlskrona is still in active service. The diving tank at Galärvarvet is now used as a museum open for public access, displaying history and equipment for diving and submarine rescue. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Submarine Escape and Rescue system (Royal Swedish Navy)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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